historian, journalist and social activist. In the years 1956–1957 editor-in-chief of the Sztandar Młodych daily, from 1958 – head of the historical section and publicist of the Polityka weekly, and the chairman of the jury of the weekly’s Historical Award. Deputy chairman of the Association of the Jewish Historical Institute of Poland, member of the Main Board of the Association of Jewish Combatants and Victims of World War II; in the years 2000–2018 - member of the International Auschwitz Council; from 2009, chairman of the Council of the Polin Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. Holder of a number of decorations. In January 2019, delivered an address before the UN General Assembly on the International Holocaust Remembrance Day, appealing: “ Thou shalt not be indifferent”. He repeated this appeal on the 75th anniversary of Auschwitz liberation. “If you are, you won't even know when 'some sort of Auschwitz' will fall from the sky right onto you and your kin”; both addresses had substantial international resonance. In 2020, he received the honorary Superbrands award, granted to personages that shape a favorable image of Poland abroad