View No. 16 (2020)

No. 16 (2020)

ISSN:
1895-247X
eISSN:
2657-3571

Publication date:
2020-12-15

Section: Polemics

In bondage to their own beliefs, that is, to whom new knowledge about the Ładoś passports bothers. Polemics with article by Michał Sobelman Illusory passports. The case of South American passports as seen from Będzin

Jakub Kumoch

Jakub.Kumoch@msz.gov.pl

Dr. Jakub Kumoch – a political scientist and orientalist, he served as the Ambassador of the Republic of Poland to Switzerland and Liechtenstein from 2016 to 2020, thereafter being appointed Ambassador to Turkey. He is the author of publications devoted to the activities of Aleksander Ładoś and his diplomats and associates. In 2019 and 2020, he was the co-author and editor of the Polish and English edition of “The Ładoś List”. His articles have also been published in “Polski Przegląd Dyplomatyczny” and “Revue d'histoire de la Shoah”. Before assuming the office of ambassador, Jakub Kumoch worked, among others, as a journalist, an analyst at the Polish Institute of Foreign Affairs and the Centre for Eastern Studies, and as an election expert of the European Union.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-1108

Polish Embassy in Turkey

Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, No. 16 (2020), pages:

Publication date: 2021-01-21

Abstract

The article is a response to a critique of The Ładoś List made by Michał Sobelman in his article “Illusory passports”. Basing himself on source materials from Swiss and American archives, the author rejects Michał Sobelman’s main supposition, namely that the passports from Bern were in their overriding majority produced solely by Jewish organizations. He polemicizes with the thesis that, in essence, the Ładoś passports did not save lives, observing that at least 15% of their holders in occupied Poland and as many as 60% in the occupied Netherlands survived the Holocaust. The present article also contains a partial discussion of the state of research into Aleksander Ładoś, with the author concluding that, through their failure to make full use of available sources, historians have overlooked many aspects of this rescue operation, among others the activities of one of its main executors, the Polish Consul Konstanty Rokicki, who falsified the greater part of the Paraguayan documents.

Ed. note - despite the fact, that this article was published by the author previously in the journal "Studia nad Totalitarzmami i Wiekiem XX" vol. 4. Editors of "Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały / Holocaust Studies and Materials", feeling the obligation to maintain the consistency of the circulation of scientific debate, in agreement with the author and the editors of the place of the first printing, decided to place a PDF of the text in the "Polemics" section. 

Article by Michał Sobelman, Illusory passports. The case of South American passports as seen from Będzin

Bibliografia / Bibliography

Źródła archiwalne / Archival sources:

Archives fédérales suisses (AFS)

Abhörungsprotokoll Proces-verbal d’audition Verbale d’interrogatorio Eiss Israel (1943). AFS, Hügli Rudolf, sygn.CH-BAR#E4320B#1990-266#4140*.

Abhörungsprotokoll Proces-verbal d’audition Verbale d’interrogatorio Weingort Saul (1943). AFS, Hügli Rudolf, sygn. CH-BAR#E4320B#1990-266#4140*.

Audition de Abraham Silberschein: de 1er Septembre 1943 (1943). AFS, Silberschein, Adolf, 1882, 1940–1956, Dossier, sygn. E4320B#1990/266#2164*, ref. C.16-02032.

Conférences avec M. Lados, Chargé d’Affaires de Pologne (1943). AFS, sygn. CH-BAR#J1.17#1000-1301#46*.

Hügli, Rudolf, 1872 (1942–1952), Dossier (1931–1945). AFS, sygn. E4320B#1990/266#4140*, ref. C.16-04144 P.

Notice du Chef de la Division de Police du Département de Justice et Police, H. Rothmund, 06.09.1943 r. (1943). AFS, Beziehungen zu anderen Staaten, 1934–1956, Dossier, sygn. E4800.1#1967/111#328*,

Notiz im Sachen Hügli Rudolf, 4 sierpnia 1943 r. (1943). AFS, Hügli Rudolf, sygn. CH-BAR#E2001E#1000-1571#657*.

Archiwum Akt Nowych w Warszawie (AAN)

Telegrams between Ministry and Poland's foreign representations (1943). AAN, Archiwum Instytutu Hoovera, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych, fol. 16, sygn. 800/42/0/-/265.

Archiwum rodziny Kühl

Rudolf Hügli an die paraguäyische Gesandschaft, 12 października 1941 (1941). Archiwum rodziny Kühl [dokument przekazany mi przez Jeffreya Cymblera].

Rudolf Hügli an Leo Osias Weingort, 8 maja 1941 r. (1941). [dokument znaleziony przez Jacka Papisa, pokazany w filmie Paszporty Paragwaju]

Archiwum Yad Vashem (YVA)

Correspondence with the Polish legation in Switzerland regarding the issuing of passports to Polish citizens, help to Polish refugees and POWs, sending parcels to Poland and transmitting information (1943). YVA, Archive of Dr. Abraham Silberschein Archive, sygn. M.20/64.

Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe (CAW)

Pamiętniki A. Ładosia (1961–1963), CAW, sygn. WBBH IX.1.2.19, t. II–III.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM)

Nietytułowane pamiętniki Juliusza Kühla (b.d.). USHMM, Julius Kühl collection, sygn. RG-27.001.

Inne

Luis Andrés Argaña A Su Excelencia Ministro Plenipotenciario de Polonia Dr. Miroslaw Arciszewski, Asunción, 3 stycznia 1944 r.

Publikacje / Publications:

Drywa, D. (2020), Poselstwo RP w Bernie. Przemilczana historia. Warszawa–Oświęcim: Wydawnictwo PMA-B.

Fishman, H. (2017). Tutti’s Promise: A Novel Based on a Family’s True Story of Courage and Hope During the Holocaust. b.m.w.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Friedenson, J., Kranzler, D. (1984). The Heroine of Rescue: The Incredible Story of Recha Sternbuch. New York: Mesorah Publications Ltd.

Haska, A. (2015). „Proszę Pana Ministra o energiczną interwencję”. Aleksander Ładoś (1891–1963) i ratowanie Żydów przez Poselstwo RP w Bernie, Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, t. 11, s. 299–309.

Kuhn, T. (2020). Struktura rewolucji naukowych (tłum. H. Ostromęcka, J. Nowotniak). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Aletheia.

Kumoch, J. (2018), Grupa Berneńska – dyplomaci Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z pomocą Żydom. Wystąpienie Ambasadora RP w Szwajcarii, dr. Jakuba Kumocha, wygłoszone 4 lutego 2018 r. w Muzeum Pamięci Shoah w Paryżu, Polski Przegląd Dyplomatyczny, nr 2, s. 146–171.

Kumoch, J. (2019), Les passeports de Lados. Une tentative polonaise de sauver les Juifs européens grâce à de faux documents latino-américains fabriqués à Berne, Revue d’Histoire de la Shoah, t. 210, nr 1, s. 135–146.

Kumoch, J. (red.), Maniewska, M., Uszyński, J., Zygmunt, B. (2019). Lista Ładosia. Spis osób, na których nazwiska w okresie II wojny światowej zostały wystawione paszporty latynoamerykańskie przez Poselstwo RP i organizacje żydowskie w Szwajcarii. Warszawa: Instytut Pileckiego.

Kumoch, J. (red.), Maniewska, M., Uszyński, J., Zygmunt, B. (2020). The Ładoś List. An index of people to whom the Polish Legation in Switzerland issued Latin American passports during the Second World War (tłum. J. Niedzielko, I. Stephenson). Warszawa: Instytut Pileckiego.

Lewin, I., Krzyżanowski, L. (1977). Attemps at Rescuing European Jews with the help of polish diplomatic missions during World War II, The Polish Review, t. 22, nr 4

Nahlik, S.E. (2002). Przesiane przez pamięć, t. III, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.

Ronen, A. (2011). Nidona lechaim. Jomaneha we-ha-jecha szel Chajka Klinger [hebr. Skazana na życie. Dzienniki i życie Chajki Klinger]. Tel Awiw: Uniwersitat Hajfa, Jedijot Sfarim.

Sobelman, M. (2020). Paszporty złudzeń. Sprawa paszportów południowoamerykańskich widziana z Będzina, Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, t. 16, s. 700–717.

Wiederman, P. (1948). Płowa bestia. Monachium: EUCOM Civil Affairs Division.

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Kumoch, J. (2021). In bondage to their own beliefs, that is, to whom new knowledge about the Ładoś passports bothers. Polemics with article by Michał Sobelman Illusory passports. The case of South American passports as seen from Będzin. Zagłada Żydów. Studia I Materiały, (16). Retrieved from https://zagladazydow.pl/index.php/zz/article/view/844

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                            View No. 16 (2020)

No. 16 (2020)

ISSN:
1895-247X
eISSN:
2657-3571

Data publikacji:
2020-12-15

Dział: Polemics