Survivors from Nazi concentration camps, who were brought to Sweden as refugees during the last month of the Second World War and during the summer that followed, were often required to supply information about personal details to the authorities. Much of the information was later stored in written form in the Swedish National Archives. Antisemitism among the refugees and enmity between the Jewish and non-Jewish Polish refugees caused the authorities to include their ethnic or religious affiliation in many records and documents. Using mainly two collections from the Swedish National Archives it is shown that substantial differences existed between Jewish and non-Jewish Polish refugees with respect to their age, education and the length of their war experiences. These differences, in addition to the existing socio-geographic, demographic, cultural and ethnic differences led to inevitable clashes between the two groups. The Swedish authorities who first regarded all refugees of Polish citizenship as one national group had to revise this attitude gradually during the administration of the refugees